Wiley's Real Latin Read online

  Table of Contents

  Praise for Wiley's Real Latin: Learning Latin from the Source

  Title page

  Copyright page

  List of Illustrations

  Walk-Through Tour of Features

  About the Website

  For Instructors

  For Students

  Preface

  INTRODUCTION

  0.1 Parts of Speech

  0.2 The Pronunciation of Latin

  CHAPTER 1

  1.1 Inflected Language

  1.2 Nouns

  1.3 Verbs

  1.4 Pronouns: HIC, HAEC, HOC

  1.5 Prepositions

  1.6 Adverbs

  1.7 Conjunctions

  CHAPTER 2

  2.1 Second Declension Nouns

  2.2 Adjectives

  2.3 Second Conjugation: Present Indicative Active

  2.4 Imperfect Indicative Active

  2.5 Demonstrative Pronoun: Is, Ea, Id

  CHAPTER 3

  3.1 Direct Questions

  3.2 Personal Pronouns

  3.3 Demonstrative Pronoun: Ille, Illa, Illud

  3.4 Third Conjugation

  3.5 Negatives

  3.6 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 4

  4.1 Third Declension Nouns

  4.2 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 5

  5.1 Fourth and Fifth Declension Nouns

  5.2 Fourth and Mixed Conjugations: Present and Imperfect Indicative Active

  5.3 Future Indicative Active

  5.4 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 6

  6.1 Perfect Indicative Active

  6.2 Future Perfect Indicative Active

  6.3 Pluperfect Indicative Active

  6.4 Irregular Verbs: Sum and Possum

  6.5 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 7

  7.1 The Passive Voice

  7.2 Relative Pronoun

  7.3 Connecting or Demonstrative Relative

  7.4 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 8

  8.1 Participles

  8.2 Use of Participles

  CHAPTER 9

  9.1 The Passive Voice Continued

  9.2 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 10

  10.1 Infinitives

  10.2 Reported/Indirect Statement; Accusative and Infinitive

  10.3 Reflexive Pronoun

  10.4 Syncopated Forms of the Perfect

  CHAPTER 11

  11.1 Deponent Verbs

  11.2 Participles of Deponent Verbs

  11.3 Infinitives of Deponent Verbs

  11.4 Causal Clauses

  11.5 Uses of Cases

  CHAPTER 12

  12.1 Irregular Verbs: Ferō, Volō, Nōlō, Mālō, Eō, Fīō

  12.2 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 13

  13.1 Subjunctive Mood

  13.2 Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs

  13.3 Independent Uses of the Subjunctive

  13.4 More Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 14

  14.1 Subjunctive Passive

  14.2 Subjunctive of Deponent Verbs

  14.3 Sequence of Tenses

  14.4 Purpose and Result Clauses

  14.5 Noun Clauses Introduced by Ut

  CHAPTER 15

  15.1 Gerunds and Gerundives

  15.2 Supine

  15.3 Uses of Cases

  CHAPTER 16

  16.1 Cum Clauses

  16.2 Subjunctive in Relative Clauses

  16.3 Pronominal Adjectives

  CHAPTER 17

  17.1 Direct Questions

  17.2 Indirect Questions

  17.3 Verbs with the Dative

  17.4 Impersonal Passive

  17.5 Uses of the Cases

  CHAPTER 18

  18.1 Imperative Mood

  18.2 Negative Commands (prohibitions)

  18.3 Indirect/Reported Commands

  18.4 Uses of Cases

  CHAPTER 19

  19.1 Degrees of Comparison: Comparative and Superlative

  19.2 Constructions with the Comparative and Superlative

  19.3 Verbs of Fearing

  CHAPTER 20

  20.1 Conditional Sentences

  20.2 Verbs/Expressions of Doubting: Dubitō, Dubium Est, Incertum Est

  20.3 Construction for Verbs of Hindering, Preventing, Forbidding

  CHAPTER 21

  21.1 More on Temporal Clauses

  21.2 More on Indirect Speech/Statement

  CONCLUSION

  APPENDICES

  Appendix 1 Some Verbs Followed by a Complementary Infinitive

  Appendix 2 Idem, Iste, Ipse

  Appendix 3 Numerals

  Appendix 4 Nōlō, Mālō, Fīō

  Appendix 5 Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive

  Appendix 6 Roman Nomenclature

  Appendix 7 So-Called Future Imperative

  Appendix 8 Timeline

  Vocabulary: Latin to English

  Vocabulary: English to Latin

  Index

  Praise for Wiley's Real Latin: Learning Latin from the Source

  “The use of all ancient texts for illustrations of grammar, translation exercises, and longer passages is a real asset – this is the best way for students to learn the Latin language in its own terms and gives good opportunity for exploration of literature, history, and culture along with grammar.”

  Erika J. Nesholm, Kenyon College

  “Many Latin students have experienced that dreadful letdown, in which they have difficulty with ‘real’ Latin after months of textbook instruction. This book, with its guidance through unchanged Latin passages, offers a practical approach to a demanding language; it will be especially gratifying to students eager to read ancient texts.”

  Dustin Heinen, University of Texas at Arlington

  “Wiley's Real Latin prepares students to read Latin by using real Latin from the start. It features a clear exposition of grammar, cultural background, attractive illustrations, frequent reviews, and helpful ‘Hints’ throughout.”

  Barbara Gold, Hamilton College

  “Traditional, rigorous, but also fun: experienced Latinists set out Latin as it really is, with clarity and through real Latin written by Romans. The textbook for ab initio teaching.”

  Calum Maciver, University of Edinburgh

  “A most valuable and absorbing guide for students of Latin at all levels: clear exposition, all examples from real Latin authors, biographies and illustrations to provide contexts. Use and enjoy it.”

  J. B. Hall, Hildred Carlile Professor of Latin Emeritus, University of London

  “Clarity, depth, opportunity to practice, helpful tables, images from Roman material culture, and information on the context of genuine Latin sentences set as translation exercises make Wiley's Real Latin an attractively produced rival to Wheelock's Latin.”

  Costas Panayotakis, University of Glasgow

  “This engaging guide provides students with the skills they need to read and enjoy real Latin texts. Features include clear and concise grammatical explanations, practice exercises all based on Latin authors, user-friendly layout with images, helpful hints, and vocabulary.”

  Sophie Weeks, University of York

  “An elegant and succinct introduction to Latin. Using only passages from ‘real Latin’ throughout, it brings Classical writers like Cicero, Caesar, Catullus, and Ovid into the classroom from the beginning.”

  Anne Rogerson, University of Sydney

  “Very interesting approach! Material presented simply, clearly, meaningfully. Well paced. Interesting ‘asides,’ linguistic and historical, with helpful hints and chapter reviews. Sentence-based exercises from authentic Latin and into English challenge both recog
nition and production skills. Well done!”

  Margaret Palczynski, McGill University

  This edition first published 2014

  © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley's global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.

  Registered Office

  John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

  Editorial Offices

  350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA

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  The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

  For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

  The right of Robert Maltby and Kenneth Belcher to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

  All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

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  Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Maltby, Robert.

  Wiley’s real Latin : learning Latin from the source / Robert Maltby and Kenneth Belcher.

  pages. cm.

  Includes bibliographical references and index.

  ISBN 978-1-118-56180-5 (cs) – ISBN 978-1-118-56185-0 (epdf) – ISBN 978-1-118-56175-1 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-118-56168-3 (mb) – ISBN 978-1-118-56161-4 1. Latin language–Grammar. I. Belcher, Kenneth. II. Title.

  PA2080.2.M35 2013

  478.2'421–dc23

  2012050377

  Cover image: © Nekiy - Fotolia.com

  Cover design by Simon Levy

  A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

  List of Illustrations

  Figure 0.1 The Colosseum, Rome

  Figure 0.2 Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England

  Figure 1.1 Romano-British mosaic of the wolf and twins

  Figure 1.2 Casa dei Cervi (House of the Stags – named for a statue found in the garden of the house), Herculaneum

  Figure 1.3 Romano-British flagon

  Figure 2.1 Roman glass vessel

  Figure 2.2 Mosaic of Neptune's wife, Amphitrite, Ostia

  Figure 2.3 Silver denarius, 19–18 bc

  Figure 3.1 Mosaic: four horse riders

  Figure 3.2 Roman wall mosaic, comic and tragic masks, 1st century bc–1st century ad

  Figure 4.1 Roman two-handled glass cup

  Figure 4.2 Silver denarius, Castor and Pollux

  Figure 4.3 Statue of Apollo, Pompeii

  Figure 5.1 Romano-British bronze figurine, thought to be a soldier

  Figure 5.2 Statue of Cicero, 1st century bc

  Figure 5.3 Temple of Jupiter at the northern end of the forum in Pompeii

  Figure 6.1 Romano-British bowl (1st–2nd century ad) made in Gaul

  Figure 6.2 Gold aureus, ad 164–9

  Figure 6.3 The Baths of Neptune at Ostia

  Figure R.1 The right hand of the Colossal Statue of the emperor Constantine (ad 272–337), currently adorning the courtyard of the Capitoline Museum in Rome

  Figure 7.1 Silver denarius (130 bc), Jupiter in chariot

  Figure 7.2 Section of painted wall plaster from a Romano-British villa (c. ad 200–25)

  Figure 7.3 Gold aureus, c. ad 113

  Figure 7.4 Aeneas and Anchises (17th century)

  Figure 8.1 Roman glass bowl, ad 1–200

  Figure 8.2 Roman bust of Pan

  Figure 8.3 Dying Gaul: a Roman copy of a Greek original

  Figure 9.1 Gladiators mosaic (3rd century ad)

  Figure 9.2 Roman papyrus fragment

  Figure 10.1 Romano-British oil lamp

  Figure 10.2 Silver denarius, 46–45 bc

  Figure 10.3 Ruins of a thermopolium in Herculaneum, Italy

  Figure 11.1 Greco-Roman figurine of a slave carrying a yoke supporting an amphora and shopping basket

  Figure 11.2 Pompeii: the Marina Gate, situated on the western limit of the city on the Via Marina

  Figure 11.3 Romano-British stone altar

  Figure 12.1 Roman mosaic, 3rd century ad

  Figure 12.2 Silver denarius, 47–46 bc

  Figure 13.1 Head of youthful Bacchus (god of wine)

  Figure 13.2 Roman figurine bottle

  Figure 13.3 Temple of Saturn, Roman Forum

  Figure 14.1 Undersea mosaic

  Figure 14.2 Silver denarius, 41 bc

  Figure 14.3 Cave Canem

  Figure 14.4 Lesbia and Her Sparrow, Sir Edward John Poynter (1836–1919)

  Figure 15.1 Mosaic from the House of Neptune and Amphitrite (Herculaneum)

  Figure 15.2 Gold aureus ad 96

  Figure 15.3 Icarus Falling, Paul Ambroise Slodtz (1702–58)

  Figure 16.1 Wounded Aeneas, fresco from Pompeii, 1st century bc

  Figure 16.2 Romano-British Samian ware shard

  Figure 16.3 Plowing mosaic, 3rd century ad

  Figure R.2 Silver denarius, 32–28 bc

  Figure 17.1 Foot in sandal, fragment of a statue (75–25 bc)

  Figure 17.2 Romano-British copper alloy buckle, 2nd century ad

  Figure 17.3 Temple of Mithras, Carrawburgh, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England

  Figure 18.1 Fragment of stone sculpture, horse's muzzle. 75–25 bc

  Figure 18.2 Romano-British pottery beaker, 3rd century ad

  Figure 18.3 Close-up of the Colosseum, Rome

  Figure 19.1 Gold aureus, ad 125–8

  Figure 19.2 Roman bronze lamp, 1st century ad

  Figure 19.3 Temple of Vesta, Rome

  Figure 20.1 Roman glass vase from Syria

  Figure 20.2 Romano-British jug

  Figure 20.3 Orpheus charming animals mosaic, 2nd century ad

  Figure 21.1 Silver denarius

  Figure 21.2 Vercingetorix coin

  Figure R.3 Concordia denarius

  Figure A.1 Bust of Marcus Tullius Cicero, 106–43 bc

  Figure A.2 Bust of Julius Caesar, 100–44 bc

  Figure A.3 Bust of Pompey, 106–48 bc

  Figure A.4 Virgil mosaic, 3rd century ad

  Figure A.5 Ovid (engraving), 19th century

  Walk-Through Tour of Features

  Feature: The Bigger Picture The Bigger Picture sidebars present valuable historical and literary background information that gives the reader context for the sentences they are translating.

  Feature: Hint! Marginal Hints! provide the reader with helpful mnemonics and other tools to help them learn and retain material more easily.

  Feature: FYI Marginal FYI notes highlight exceptions and anomalies to the main grammatical rules, include helpful and clarifying information, and refer the reader to supporting materials in the Appendices.

  Feature: Sound Bites Sound Bites are short pithy sayings from famous Romans and offer the reader
a quick, fun translation exercise.

  Feature: Try This Try This exercises appear after the introduction of each key part of speech and major grammatical concept and give the reader the opportunity to test and solidify their understanding of the material.

  Feature: English Derivations English Derivations assist the reader in learning key vocabulary by helping him/her make connections between familiar English words and less familiar Latin ones.

  Feature: Sentences for Translation The Sentences for Translation are all derived from key Latin authors, including Cicero, Caesar, Virgil, Catullus, Ovid, and Plautus. Translations from both Latin to English and English to Latin afford the reader the opportunity to apply and reinforce their knowledge by immediately engaging with actual ancient texts.

  Feature: Extra Passage Extra Passages give the reader the opportunity to continue to strengthen their skills and facility by translating longer excerpts. Like the Sentences for Translation these passages are all taken from ancient texts.

  About the Website

  www.wiley.com/go/reallatin

  The Wiley's Real Latin companion website features a wealth of resources created by the authors to help instructors teach and students learn for no additional cost.

  For Instructors

  A comprehensive Instructor Manual, including:

  Sample syllabi

  Answers to all sentences for translation and other exercises in the text

  Additional translation sentences for homework or test hand-outs

  Translation tips

  Dictionary practice exercises

  Tense synopsis charts

  A selection of practice tests

  Helpful student hand-outs

  Extra passages for translation with commentary and questions

  Quizzes and word games

  Full declension and conjugation tables

  For Students

  Flashcards and word games

  Vocabulary lists

  Grammar tables

  Author biographies

  Timeline

  Preface

  I suppose the first question one may ask is, “Why another Latin textbook?”

  The impetus behind our text has been twofold. Firstly, in teaching Latin at different levels over a number of years we have found that students have constantly requested a Latin text that sets out the material in a clear, concise, and accessible way. Secondly, we have found that students who complete a beginners' course in Latin are often at a loss when they come to read Latin authors at an advanced level. In order to meet the first problem, we have considered carefully feedback from students on the content, delivery, and accessibility of the approach offered in the text. Students have been intimately involved in selecting many of the sentences, especially from Cicero and Caesar, that appear in the Latin to English translation sections of each chapter and their input is one of the strengths of the text. In the printed version we have adopted a number of suggestions that students have made over the years and many other student-led exercises appear in the online resources that accompany the text. The enthusiasm of our students for the study of Latin has been a driving force in the development of this text.