All But My Life Read online

  Table of Contents

  Title Page

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  PREFACE

  Part One

  Chapter 1

  Chapter 2

  Chapter 3

  Chapter 4

  Chapter 5

  Chapter 6

  Chapter 7

  Chapter 8

  Chapter 9

  Chapter 10

  Chapter 11

  Chapter 12

  Part Two

  Chapter 1

  Chapter 2

  Chapter 3

  Chapter 4

  Chapter 5

  Chapter 6

  Chapter 7

  Chapter 8

  Chapter 9

  Chapter 10

  Chapter 11

  Chapter 12

  Chapter 13

  Chapter 14

  Chapter 15

  Part Three

  Chapter 1

  Chapter 2

  Chapter 3

  Chapter 4

  EPILOGUE

  ALSO BY GERDA WEISSMANN KLEIN

  Copyright Page

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE MY JOY AND FULFILLMENT, ON SEEING my book go into print, with the many friends who gave me encouragement.

  I should like to mention with special gratitude Mr. Sloan Wilson, who saw this book in its first draft, and whose enthusiasm gave me the courage to show it to the publisher.

  My warm thanks to Sarah Stone, who typed the manuscript tirelessly for a period of three years, and to Irene Goldberg, Rita Scharf, and Kate Sterman, who all helped with the typing.

  PREFACE

  AS I FINISH THE LAST CHAPTER OF MY BOOK, I FEEL AT PEACE, at last. I have discharged a burden, and paid a debt to many nameless heroes, resting in their unmarked graves. For I am haunted by the thought that I might be the only one left to tell their story.

  Happy in my new life, I have penned the last sentence of the past. I have written my story, with tears and with love, in the hope that my children, safely asleep in their cribs, should not awake from a nightmare and find it to be reality.

  Part One

  Chapter 1

  THERE IS A WATCH LYING ON THE GREEN CARPET OF THE LIVING room of my childhood. The hands seem to stand motionless at 9:10, freezing time when it happened. There would be a past only, the future uncertain, time had stopped for the present. Morning–9:10. That is all I am able to grasp. The hands of the watch are cruel. Slowly they blur into its face.

  I lift my eyes to the window. Everything looks unfamiliar, as in a dream. Several motorcycles roar down the street. The cyclists wear green-gray uniforms and I hear voices. First a few, and then many, shouting something that is impossible and unreal. “Heil Hitler! Heil Hitler!” And the watch says 9:10. I did not know then that an invisible curtain had parted and that I walked on an unseen stage to play a part in a tragedy that was to last six years.

  It was September 3, 1939, Sunday morning. We had spent a sleepless night in the damp, chilly basement of our house while the shells and bombs fell. At one point in the evening when Papa, Mama, my brother Arthur, then nineteen, were huddled in bewildered silence, my cat Schmutzi began to meow outside in the garden and Arthur stepped outside to let her in. He had come back with a bullet hole in his trousers.

  “A bullet?”

  “There is shooting from the roofs, the Germans are coming!”

  Then, in the early gray of the morning we heard the loud rumbling of enemy tanks. Our troops were retreating from the border to Krakow, where they would make their stand. Their faces were haggard, drawn, and unshaven, and in their eyes there was panic and defeat. They had seen the enemy, had tried and failed. It had all happened so fast. Two days before, on Friday morning, the first of September, the drone of a great many German planes had brought most of the people of our little town into the streets. The radio was blasting the news that the Germans had crossed our frontier at Cieszyn and that we were at war! Hastily, roadblocks had been erected. Hysteria swept over the people and large numbers left town that day.

  I had never seen Bielitz, my home town, frightened. It had always been so safe and secure. Nestled at the foot of the Beskide mountain range, the high peaks had seemed to shelter the gay, sparkling little town from intruders. Bielitz was charming and not without reason was it called “Little Vienna.” Having been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before 1919, it still retained the flavor of that era. Almost all of Bielitz’ inhabitants were bilingual; Polish as well as German was spoken in the stores. In the center of the city, among carefully tended flower beds, stood its small but excellent theater, and next to it the Schloss, the castle of the Sulkowskys, the nobility closely linked to the Imperial Hapsburgs.

  Nothing in my lifetime had ever disturbed the tranquility of Bielitz. Only now, when I saw people deserting it, did I realize how close, dangerously close we were to the Czechoslovakian frontier; only twenty-odd miles separated us from Cieszyn.

  There had been talk of war for many weeks, of course, but since mid-August our family had been preoccupied with Papa’s illness. Mama and I had been away in Krynica, a summer resort, from early June until the middle of August. Papa and Arthur had been unable to accompany us, and we returned when we received a telegram from Papa, suggesting we come home because of the gravity of the international situation. It had been somewhat of a shock to see how ill Papa looked when he met us at the station. His right arm was bothering him and Mama, alarmed, had called the doctor. The doctor diagnosed the illness as a mild heart attack and Papa was put to bed immediately.

  The following day two specialists were summoned to Papa’s bedside. That same day we received a cable from Mama’s brother Leo, who was in Turkey. It read: “Poland’s last hour has come. Dangerous for Jews to remain. Your visas waiting at Warsaw embassy. Urge you to come immediately.”

  Mama stuck the cable in her apron pocket, saying, “Papa is ill, that is our prime concern.”

  Papa was to be spared excitement and worry at all costs, and visitors were cautioned not to mention the possibility of war to him. Mama little realized the fate we all might have been spared had she not concealed the truth from Papa. Yet on Friday morning, September 1, when German planes roared through the sky, Papa, who had been ill for two weeks, came face to face with reality. It was a tense day. I spent most of it in my parents’ bedroom and instinctively stayed close to Papa.

  As that first day drew to a close, nobody touched supper, no one seemed to want to go to sleep. Mama sat in a chair near Papa’s bed, Arthur and I watched from the window. Horses and wagons loaded with refugees continued to roll toward the East. Here and there a rocket, like blood spouting from the wounded earth, shot into the evening sky, bathing the valley in a grotesque red. I looked at my parents. Papa appeared strange, almost lifeless. The yellow flowers on Mama’s black housecoat seemed to be burning. Outside, the mountain tops were ablaze for a moment, then they resounded with a thunderous blast that made the glass in the windows rattle like teeth in a skeleton’s head. Everything was burning now. I looked at Mama again. Her soft, wavy, blue-black hair clung to her face. Her large, dark eyes seemed bottomless against her pale skin. Her mobile mouth was still and alien. The red glow was reflected in each of our faces. It made hers seem strange and unfamiliar. There was Mama, burning with the strange fire of destruction, and in the street the horses and wagons, the carts and bicycles were rolling toward the unknown. There was a man carrying a goat on his back, apparently the only possession he had. On the corner several mothers were clutching their infants to their breasts, and near them an old peasant woman crossed herself. It was as if the world had come to an end in that strange red light. Then, all of a sudden, Papa spoke to me.

  “Go, call the fa
mily and find out what they are doing.”

  I went downstairs. I sat down next to the phone with a long list of numbers. I started at the top and worked to the bottom, but there were no answers. The telephones kept ringing and ringing. I pictured the homes that I knew so well, and with each ring a familiar object or piece of furniture seemed to tumble to the floor.

  I became panicky. It seemed as though we were alone in a world of the dead. I went back upstairs. My parents and Arthur apparently had been talking. They stopped abruptly.

  “Nobody answered, isn’t that right?” Papa asked. I could not speak. I nodded. There was no longer any pretense. Papa motioned me to sit down on his bed. He embraced me with his left arm.

  “Children,” he said, “the time has come when I have to say what I hoped I would never have to say. I remember as if it were yesterday the cries of the wounded and the pale faces of the dead from the last war. I didn’t think it possible that the world would come to this again. You believed I could always find a solution for everything. Yet I have failed you. I feel you children should go. Mama just told me that Mr. and Mrs. Ebersohn have asked to take you with them to look for refuge in the interior of Poland. I am sick when you most need my strength. I want you to go, children. I command you to go! His voice had assumed a tone of authority that I had never heard before. I saw Arthur look up startled at the mention of his girl friend’s parents. More than ever he looked like Mama, but somehow he reminded me of Papa as he stood there tall, erect, and determined.

  Almost without hesitation, he said, “No! We are going to stay together.”

  My parents’ eyes met. I had a feeling there was relief and pride in their faces.

  “I hoped you would say that,” Papa said brokenly, “not for my sake, but because I hate to cast out my children to complete uncertainty. I believe that God will keep us together and under the roof of our house.”

  He dropped back exhausted on his pillows. The effort had been too much for him, and sudden stillness fell over the room. Strangely, all sound ceased outside as well and we noted that the sky was no longer red.

  When I awoke the next morning everything was as peaceful as ever. The sun shone so brightly in my room. The fall flowers in our garden were in full bloom. The trees were laden with fruit. In my room everything was as it had always been, and what’s more, even Papa was out of bed. His arm was in a sling, but he was up, and it seemed so wonderful I was sure the night before had all been a nightmare. No, not quite, because in my parents’ faces I could read something that hadn’t been there yesterday.

  When we met downstairs for breakfast everybody seemed cheerful. Papa was joking. Mama joined in this seemingly carefree banter. The maid had left to be with her relatives. Papa jokingly asked me whether I wanted the job. Nobody mentioned the war. I walked to the radio and turned it on. There was a sharp click, but no sound. I tried the phone, the lights, but all electricity was off. In a way that was good. There was no contact with the outside world. It was a wonderful, peaceful Saturday. But evening brought fury to the end of that last peaceful day. Sporadic shooting started from the rooftops, an attempt at delaying the enemy while our army retreated to Krakow. We looked for shelter in our cellar and sat there through the night. Toward morning the shooting stopped altogether and the vehicles of the Polish army ceased to roll. We came up from the cellar for a cup of tea in the living room. As I sat down on the couch near the window I could see the people outside in an obviously gay and festive mood, talking and laughing, carrying flowers, and everywhere the clicking of cameras.

  “Mama, look,” Arthur said. “Do you suppose–?” and he broke in the middle of the sentence, not daring to say what seemed impossible.

  “No,” Mama answered, and then Arthur pulled his watch out of his pocket, the roar of a motorcycle broke the stillness of our home, and his watch fell to the floor. It was 9:10 A.M.

  I looked out again. A swastika was flying from the house across the street. My God! They seemed prepared. All but us, they knew.

  A big truck filled with German soldiers was parked across the street. Our neighbors were serving them wine and cakes, and screaming as though drunk with joy, “Heil Hitler! Long live the Führer! We thank thee for our liberation!”

  I couldn’t understand it. I didn’t seem to be able to grasp the reality of what had happened. What are those people doing? The same people I had known all my life. They have betrayed us.

  The breakfast tea turned cold on the table. Papa and Mama looked down at the floor. Their faces were blank. Papa seemed so old, so gray. He had changed so much.

  I smelled something burning. A hot coal from the big green tile oven had fallen through the grill onto the carpet. I remembered a similar accident a year or two before and Mama had been terribly upset. Afterward she had turned the carpet so that the burned spot was under the couch. This time I wanted to shout a warning, but my throat froze when I saw my parents staring at that coal. They saw the carpet burn slowly, but they didn’t seem to care. Finally, Papa got up and with his shoe carelessly shoved the coal back to the grill. Nobody spoke.

  I looked out the window and there was Trude, a girl I had known since childhood. She and her grandmother lived rent free in a two-room apartment in our basement in return for laundry service. Now I saw her carrying flowers from our garden, white roses of which we had been so proud because they bloomed out of season. She handed them to a soldier, breaking her tongue with the unfamiliar German, “Heil Hitler!” The soldier reached for the flowers, but somebody offered him some schnapps. He took the glass instead, the flowers tumbled to the dusty road, the boots of the soldiers trampled on them. I started sobbing, crying, releasing all my emotions and anxieties in that outburst. Arthur jumped over to me, put his hand over my mouth. “Are you crazy? Do you want to give us away?” But I did not hear him. The tears felt so good. He finally slapped me. “Think of Papa’s life. If they hear you crying–” I couldn’t stop. He pulled me down from the couch, dragged me over the carpet, and up the stairs with Mama holding my mouth. They put me to bed, where I cried into the pillow until, exhausted, I fell asleep.

  Early in the afternoon the drunken, jubilant mob was still celebrating its “liberation” and hoarsely shouting “Heil Hitler.” Papa and Mama smiled. Their smiles seemed more painful to me than my screams and tears, and I learned at that moment that I must not always cry when I wanted. I realized that we were outsiders, strangers in our own home, at the mercy of those who until then had been our friends. Although I was only fifteen I had a strong feeling, more instinct than reason, that our lives were no longer our own, but lay in the hands of a deadly enemy.

  Mama tried to maintain the pattern of our life, even on that fateful Sunday. She prepared dinner and we sat down as usual, but no one could eat and when the food was cleared away we sat in silence. Arthur got out books about the war of 1914 and looked up data about its development, but Papa said, “This is a different war. This one cannot possibly last four years. Four weeks, perhaps four months at most.”

  Early in the evening, when the shouting of the drunken mob had died away, there was a knock at the door and a whispered, “Mrs. Weissmann.” It was our neighbor Mrs. Bergmann, the mother of my friend Escia. She looked pale and shaken as she relayed the news that during the afternoon several Jews had been rounded up in the streets, locked in the Temple, and the Temple set on fire.

  “Men had better stay out of sight,” she whispered.

  Papa and Arthur exchanged glances. Mama’s eyes widened and she pressed her lips together. But Mrs. Bergmann told us too that England and France had declared war on Germany that morning. She stayed only a few minutes. When she rose to leave, Mama saw her to the door and I followed them. Before they opened the door Mrs. Bergmann and Mama listened a while, then finally Mrs. Bergmann turned the knob and through a tiny opening glanced up and down the street before she slipped out.

  We sat a while longer in silence, none of us wanting to go to bed. That was the first evening in my life that I s
aw Mama without needlework in her hands. She just sat and stared into the fire. After a while she got up, outwardly calm and regal, and said, “Go to bed, children. We all will need rest and strength.”

  Her words climaxed the first day under German rule.

  The next morning, I was in the kitchen with Mama when Mrs. Rösche, one of the neighbors, came in with another woman and asked for our Polish flag.

  “The flag?” Mama asked. “What for?”

  “To make a German one, of course. It’s really simple. You leave the red stripe as it is, cut a circle out of the white, and put a black swastika on it.”

  Mama grew pale. At first she looked for our flag in places where she knew she wouldn’t find it. Finally she brought it forth, knowing that she would have to sooner or later. Mrs. Rösche asked if Mama happened to have some black ribbon. She said she didn’t. The other neighbor produced a piece. She told us it was good ribbon–that it would last for many years!

  Those two neighbors spent all morning sewing a Nazi flag to hang from our house. Why they did it, I’ll never know. Perhaps they felt that we would be inviting trouble not to display the flag.

  When the flag was finished, they asked, “Where’s Arthur? He is big and strong. He could hang the flag.”

  Mama sent me to call him. I found him in his room, lying in listless apathy. When I told him what was asked of him, he shouted,

  “Are you all out of your minds? Never! Never! I won’t do it. Tell them that I am gone, tell them that I am dead, tell them anything!”

  And so Mrs. Rösche and the other woman struggled to fasten the flag through the little hole in the roof. I couldn’t bring myself to look out of the window for days, but when I did, there was the blood-red symbol of the tragedy that had engulfed us.

  Chapter 2

  IT TOOK THE GERMANS EIGHTEEN DAYS, EIGHTEEN SHORT DAYS, to conquer Poland. No hope was left that our troops could send the enemy reeling back. Krakow fell, then Warsaw, and the Germans still advanced without opposition. We waited now only for the liberation that would come from France or Russia, or, as a few optimists dared hope, from England or America. Many stories were circulated about the brutal methods which the Nazis employed in the East. Some Jews were coming back from areas overrun by the Germans. After what they had witnessed they felt it was safer to return to their homes. Some came back to find their houses empty, most of their valuables gone, others to find their homes occupied by former maids who graciously permitted the owners to spend a night or two in an attic or basement, perhaps let them take some of their clothes, and sped them on their way.