Complete Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Read online

  The Complete Works of

  CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN

  (1860-1935)

  Contents

  The Novels

  WHAT DIANTHA DID

  THE CRUX

  MOVING THE MOUNTAIN

  MAG-MARJORIE

  WON OVER

  BENIGNA MACHIAVELLI

  HERLAND

  WITH HER IN OURLAND

  The Shorter Fiction

  THE YELLOW WALLPAPER

  MISCELLANEOUS STORIES

  LIST OF SHORT STORIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

  The Poetry Collections

  IN THIS OUR WORLD

  SUFFRAGE SONGS AND VERSES

  MISCELLANEOUS POETRY

  The Poems

  LIST OF POEMS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

  LIST OF POEMS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

  The Non-Fiction

  CONCERNING CHILDREN

  THE HOME: ITS WORK AND INFLUENCE

  THE MAN-MADE WORLD

  WHY I WROTE THE YELLOW WALL-PAPER

  The Autobiography

  THE LIVING OF CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

  The Delphi Classics Catalogue

  © Delphi Classics 2015

  Version 1

  The Complete Works of

  CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN

  By Delphi Classics, 2015

  COPYRIGHT

  Complete Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman

  First published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by Delphi Classics.

  © Delphi Classics, 2015.

  All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.

  Delphi Classics

  is an imprint of

  Delphi Publishing Ltd

  Hastings, East Sussex

  United Kingdom

  Contact: [email protected]

  www.delphiclassics.com

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  The Novels

  Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut

  Hartford in 1857

  WHAT DIANTHA DID

  What Diantha Did was first published in serialised form in Gilman’s magazine The Forerunner between late 1909 and October 1910. The author established the monthly publication in 1909, and wrote every issue, including poems, book reviews, short stories, and a handful of serialised novels. Gilman decided to create the magazine to offer broader perspectives on the role, function and lives of women. She hoped the publication would help to inspire women to take action against the limited options offered to them and to fight the narrow confines of what it meant to be a woman. Gilman was interested in exploring and highlighting how a lack of educational opportunities prevented women from being able to reach their full potential, either intellectually or emotionally. The magazine formed an essential element in communicating Gilman’s beliefs and her desire to contribute to a change in women’s experiences and lives.

  The novel focuses on Diantha Bell; a young woman that decides to leave an unhappy home life, which includes an overbearing fiancé, who believes it shameful for a man to be married to a woman running a business, or working outside the domestic realm. Bell determines to begin her own housecleaning enterprise, which she expands to include a home delivery service and a restaurant. As she proves herself to be an extremely capable business woman, her intentions for pursuing that type of life are not primarily focused on financial gain, but on demonstrating the burden of unremunerated domestic work. There are interesting and arguably problematic class and race dynamics, which permeate Gilman’s text; Bell is interested in alleviating the tedium and daily grind of housework, while also seeking to ‘morally’ assist and provide for working class women. However, the author also draws attention to aspects of social reproduction connected to women’s unwaged work within the domestic sphere.

  The cover of the first edition of ‘The Forerunner’ magazine

  CONTENTS

  CHAPTER I. HANDICAPPED

  CHAPTER II. AN UNNATURAL DAUGHTER

  CHAPTER III. BREAKERS

  CHAPTER IV. A CRYING NEED

  CHAPTER V.

  CHAPTER VI. THE CYNOSURE.

  CHAPTER VII. HERESY AND SCHISM.

  CHAPTER VIII.

  CHAPTER IX. “SLEEPING IN.”

  CHAPTER X. UNION HOUSE.

  CHAPTER XI. THE POWER OF THE SCREW.

  CHAPTER XII. LIKE A BANYAN TREE

  CHAPTER XIII. ALL THIS.

  CHAPTER XIV. AND HEAVEN BESIDE.

  Gilman, 1898

  CHAPTER I. HANDICAPPED

  One may use the Old Man of the Sea,

  For a partner or patron,

  But helpless and hapless is he

  Who is ridden, inextricably,

  By a fond old mer-matron.

  The Warden house was more impressive in appearance than its neighbors. It had “grounds,” instead of a yard or garden; it had wide pillared porches and “galleries,” showing southern antecedents; moreover, it had a cupola, giving date to the building, and proof of the continuing ambitions of the builders.

  The stately mansion was covered with heavy flowering vines, also with heavy mortgages. Mrs. Roscoe Warden and her four daughters reposed peacefully under the vines, while Roscoe Warden, Jr., struggled desperately under the mortgages.

  A slender, languid lady was Mrs. Warden, wearing her thin but still brown hair in “water-waves” over a pale high forehead. She was sitting on a couch on the broad, rose-shaded porch, surrounded by billowing masses of vari-colored worsted. It was her delight to purchase skein on skein of soft, bright-hued wool, cut it all up into short lengths, tie them together again in contrasting colors, and then crochet this hashed rainbow into afghans of startling aspect. California does not call for afghans to any great extent, but “they make such acceptable presents,” Mrs. Warden declared, to those who questioned the purpose of her work; and she continued to send them off, on Christmases, birthdays, and minor weddings, in a stream of pillowy bundles. As they were accepted, they must have been acceptable, and the stream flowed on.

  Around her, among the gay blossoms and gayer wools, sat her four daughters, variously intent. The mother, a poetic soul, had named them musically and with dulcet rhymes: Madeline and Adeline were the two eldest, Coraline and Doraline the two youngest. It had not occurred to her until too late that those melodious terminations made it impossible to call one daughter without calling two, and that “Lina” called them all.

  “Mis’ Immerjin,” said a soft voice in the doorway, “dere pos’tively ain’t no butter in de house fer supper.”

  “No butter?” said Mrs. Warden, incredulously. “Why, Sukey, I’m sure we had a tub sent up last — last Tuesday!”

  “A week ago Tuesday, more likely, mother,” suggested Dora.

  “Nonsense, Dora! It was this week, wasn’t it, girls?” The mother appealed to them quite earnestly, as if the date of that tub’s delivery would furnish forth the supper-table; but none of the young ladies save Dora had even a contradiction to offer.

  “You know I never notice things,” said the artistic Cora; and “the de-lines,” as their younger sisters called them, said nothing.

  “I might borrow some o’ Mis’ Bell?”
suggested Sukey; “dat’s nearer ‘n’ de sto’.”

  “Yes, do, Sukey,” her mistress agreed. “It is so hot. But what have you done with that tubful?”

  “Why, some I tuk back to Mis’ Bell for what I borrered befo’ — I’m always most careful to make return for what I borrers — and yo’ know, Mis’ Warden, dat waffles and sweet potaters and cohn bread dey do take butter; to say nothin’ o’ them little cakes you all likes so well — an’ de fried chicken, an’—”

  “Never mind, Sukey; you go and present my compliments to Mrs. Bell, and ask her for some; and be sure you return it promptly. Now, girls, don’t let me forget to tell Ross to send up another tub.”

  “We can’t seem to remember any better than you can, mother,” said Adeline, dreamily. “Those details are so utterly uninteresting.”

  “I should think it was Sukey’s business to tell him,” said Madeline with decision; while the “a-lines” kept silence this time.

  “There! Sukey’s gone!” Mrs. Warden suddenly remarked, watching the stout figure moving heavily away under the pepper trees. “And I meant to have asked her to make me a glass of shrub! Dora, dear, you run and get it for mother.”

  Dora laid down her work, not too regretfully, and started off.

  “That child is the most practical of any of you,” said her mother; which statement was tacitly accepted. It was not extravagant praise.

  Dora poked about in the refrigerator for a bit of ice. She had no idea of the high cost of ice in that region — it came from “the store,” like all their provisions. It did not occur to her that fish and milk and melons made a poor combination in flavor; or that the clammy, sub-offensive smell was not the natural and necessary odor of refrigerators. Neither did she think that a sunny corner of the back porch near the chimney, though convenient, was an ill-selected spot for a refrigerator. She couldn’t find the ice-pick, so put a big piece of ice in a towel and broke it on the edge of the sink; replaced the largest fragment, used what she wanted, and left the rest to filter slowly down through a mass of grease and tea-leaves; found the raspberry vinegar, and made a very satisfactory beverage which her mother received with grateful affection.

  “Thank you, my darling,” she said. “I wish you’d made a pitcherful.”

  “Why didn’t you, Do?” her sisters demanded.

  “You’re too late,” said Dora, hunting for her needle and then for her thimble, and then for her twist; “but there’s more in the kitchen.”

  “I’d rather go without than go into the kitchen,” said Adeline; “I do despise a kitchen.” And this seemed to be the general sentiment; for no one moved.

  “My mother always liked raspberry shrub,” said Mrs. Warden; “and your Aunt Leicester, and your Raymond cousins.”

  Mrs. Warden had a wide family circle, many beloved relatives, “connections” of whom she was duly proud and “kin” in such widening ramifications that even her carefully reared daughters lost track of them.

  “You young people don’t seem to care about your cousins at all!” pursued their mother, somewhat severely, setting her glass on the railing, from whence it was presently knocked off and broken.

  “That’s the fifth!” remarked Dora, under breath.

  “Why should we, Ma?” inquired Cora. “We’ve never seen one of them — except Madam Weatherstone!”

  “We’ll never forget her!” said Madeline, with delicate decision, laying down the silk necktie she was knitting for Roscoe. “What beautiful manners she had!”

  “How rich is she, mother? Do you know?” asked Dora.

  “Rich enough to do something for Roscoe, I’m sure, if she had a proper family spirit,” replied Mrs. Warden. “Her mother was own cousin to my grandmother — one of the Virginia Paddingtons. Or she might do something for you girls.”

  “I wish she would!” Adeline murmured, softly, her large eyes turned to the horizon, her hands in her lap over the handkerchief she was marking for Roscoe.

  “Don’t be ungrateful, Adeline,” said her mother, firmly. “You have a good home and a good brother; no girl ever had a better.”

  “But there is never anything going on,” broke in Coraline, in a tone of complaint; “no parties, no going away for vacations, no anything.”

  “Now, Cora, don’t be discontented! You must not add a straw to dear Roscoe’s burdens,” said her mother.

  “Of course not, mother; I wouldn’t for the world. I never saw her but that once; and she wasn’t very cordial. But, as you say, she might do something. She might invite us to visit her.”

  “If she ever comes back again, I’m going to recite for her,” said, Dora, firmly.

  Her mother gazed fondly on her youngest. “I wish you could, dear,” she agreed. “I’m sure you have talent; and Madam Weatherstone would recognize it. And Adeline’s music too. And Cora’s art. I am very proud of my girls.”

  Cora sat where the light fell well upon her work. She was illuminating a volume of poems, painting flowers on the margins, in appropriate places — for Roscoe.

  “I wonder if he’ll care for it?” she said, laying down her brush and holding the book at arm’s length to get the effect.

  “Of course he will!” answered her mother, warmly. “It is not only the beauty of it, but the affection! How are you getting on, Dora?”

  Dora was laboring at a task almost beyond her fourteen years, consisting of a negligee shirt of outing flannel, upon the breast of which she was embroidering a large, intricate design — for Roscoe. She was an ambitious child, but apt to tire in the execution of her large projects.

  “I guess it’ll be done,” she said, a little wearily. “What are you going to give him, mother?”

  “Another bath-robe; his old one is so worn. And nothing is too good for my boy.”

  “He’s coming,” said Adeline, who was still looking down the road; and they all concealed their birthday work in haste.

  A tall, straight young fellow, with an air of suddenly-faced maturity upon him, opened the gate under the pepper trees and came toward them.

  He had the finely molded features we see in portraits of handsome ancestors, seeming to call for curling hair a little longish, and a rich profusion of ruffled shirt. But his hair was sternly short, his shirt severely plain, his proudly carried head spoke of effort rather than of ease in its attitude.

  Dora skipped to meet him, Cora descended a decorous step or two. Madeline and Adeline, arm in arm, met him at the piazza edge, his mother lifted her face.

  “Well, mother, dear!” Affectionately he stooped and kissed her, and she held his hand and stroked it lovingly. The sisters gathered about with teasing affection, Dora poking in his coat-pocket for the stick candy her father always used to bring her, and her brother still remembered.

  “Aren’t you home early, dear?” asked Mrs. Warden.

  “Yes; I had a little headache” — he passed his hand over his forehead— “and Joe can run the store till after supper, anyhow.” They flew to get him camphor, cologne, a menthol-pencil. Dora dragged forth the wicker lounge. He was laid out carefully and fanned and fussed over till his mother drove them all away.

  “Now, just rest,” she said. “It’s an hour to supper time yet!” And she covered him with her latest completed afghan, gathering up and carrying away the incomplete one and its tumultuous constituents.

  He was glad of the quiet, the fresh, sweet air, the smell of flowers instead of the smell of molasses and cheese, soap and sulphur matches. But the headache did not stop, nor the worry that caused it. He loved his mother, he loved his sisters, he loved their home, but he did not love the grocery business which had fallen so unexpectedly upon him at his father’s death, nor the load of debt which fell with it.

  That they need never have had so large a “place” to “keep up” did not occur to him. He had lived there most of his life, and it was home. That the expenses of running the household were three times what they needed to be, he did not know. His father had not questioned their style of l
iving, nor did he. That a family of five women might, between them, do the work of the house, he did not even consider.

  Mrs. Warden’s health was never good, and since her husband’s death she had made daily use of many afghans on the many lounges of the house. Madeline was “delicate,” and Adeline was “frail”; Cora was “nervous,” Dora was “only a child.” So black Sukey and her husband Jonah did the work of the place, so far as it was done; and Mrs. Warden held it a miracle of management that she could “do with one servant,” and the height of womanly devotion on her daughters’ part that they dusted the parlor and arranged the flowers.

  Roscoe shut his eyes and tried to rest, but his problem beset him ruthlessly. There was the store — their one and only source of income. There was the house, a steady, large expense. There were five women to clothe and keep contented, beside himself. There was the unappeasable demand of the mortgage — and there was Diantha.

  When Mr. Warden died, some four years previously, Roscoe was a lad of about twenty, just home from college, full of dreams of great service to the world in science, expecting to go back for his doctor’s degree next year. Instead of which the older man had suddenly dropped beneath the burden he had carried with such visible happiness and pride, such unknown anxiety and straining effort; and the younger one had to step into the harness on the spot.

  He was brave, capable, wholly loyal to his mother and sisters, reared in the traditions of older days as to a man’s duty toward women. In his first grief for his father, and the ready pride with which he undertook to fill his place, he had not in the least estimated the weight of care he was to carry, nor the time that he must carry it. A year, a year or two, a few years, he told himself, as they passed, and he would make more money; the girls, of course, would marry; he could “retire” in time and take up his scientific work again. Then — there was Diantha.